Модельные биомеханические параметры теннисной подачи

Abstract

Оценка ударных действий при подаче в большом теннисе позволяет смоделировать техническую подготовку спортсменов. Целью статьи является определение кинематических параметров движения звеньев тела при выполнении подачи в теннисе. В исследовании выявлены узловые элементы подачи в большом теннисе. Определены оптимальные диапазоны изменения положения звеньев теннисиста в узловых элементах движения. Эти биомеханические данные затем могут быть использованы для улучшения организации и планирования тренировочного процесса теннисистов. The improvement in the level of physical fitness of tennis players is the main factor that led to the increase in the pace of modern tennis. This predetermined the shift in emphasis on defining effective trajectories of movements at the moment of serving in order to give the greatest speed to the ball. High speed, especially when serving, plays an important role in a successful game. This leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of the reception of the ball by the opponent due to a reduction in reaction time. Serving the ball requires complex coordination of both the upper and lower limbs. This also includes the precise use of major muscle groups. Determining the optimal trajectories for a tennis player's body links can provide valuable insight into the relationship between body structure and athletic performance. Evaluation of striking actions when serving in tennis allows to simulate the technical training of athletes. The model parameters of a technical element make it possible to quickly identify and correct motion errors. The purpose of the article is to determine the biomechanical parameters of the movement of body links when performing a serve in tennis. The study involved qualified tennis players. Video recording of the pitch was carried out by two synchronized video cameras installed in two projections of the tennis court. Video filming was carried out in frontal and sagittal projections. Depending on the pedagogical tasks, eight key elements of presentation in tennis were identified. The optimal ranges of changing the position of the tennis player's links in the nodal elements of the movement have been determined. This biomechanical data can then be used to improve the organization and planning of tennis players' training process. The prospect of further research involves the determination of the most rational training means that contribute to the prevention of injuries and the elimination of overstrain of the articular-ligamentous apparatus when performing technical elements in tennis.