Morphofunctional features of the manifestation of sexual dimorphism in highly qualified athletes specializing in modern pentathlon

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to establish the degree of manifestation of sexual dimorphism in highly qualified athletes specializing in modern pentathlon in terms of morphological and functional indicators. It has been revealed that according to anthropometric indicators, the severity of sexual dimorphism in highly skilled pentathletes is within the limits of light (body length, hip circumference, waist/hip ratio, body mass index) and medium (body weight, waist circumference) degree. In terms of the component composition of the body, a high (musculoskeletal mass, intracellular fluid, total fluid, active cell mass), medium (extracellular fluid, fat mass) and light (share of active cell mass and skeletal muscle mass) degree of sexual dimorphism have been determined. When assessing functional readiness, the most significant sex differences were revealed in terms of the functional capabilities of the respiratory system, light in terms of maximum heart rate, heart rate at the level of anaerobic metabolism threshold, maximum oxygen consumption. The absence of sex differences was established in terms of heart rate at rest. To reduce the severity of sexual dimorphism, attention should be paid to the selection of female athletes. The training process of qualified athletes must be carried out on the basis of a thorough study of the functioning of the body of women in difficult conditions of physical activity. Sexual dimorphism and the associated physiological characteristics of the female body predetermine the need for the specifics of building the training process of highly qualified athletes.