TiO2 Sol–Gel Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties and Applications

Abstract

The present study examines the synthesis, properties, and applications of nanostructured materials based on titanium dioxides (TiO2) via the sol–gel method. The sol–gel method makes it possible to vary the physicochemical properties of nanostructured materials over a wide range and achieve significant interaction between components at the stage of the initial sol. Simultaneously, sol–gel synthesis of nanostructured materials is more energy efficient compared to vacuum and plasma methods. The main physical and chemical processes that occur throughout the preparation and maturation stages of sol are determined. The influence of synthesis conditions on the dispersion, phase composition, and properties of nanostructured materials based on titanium dioxide is established. A description of the sol–gel method for producing bulk nanostructured materials is provided. Extensive studies have been conducted to examine the optical and structural properties of nanostructured materials based on TiO2. Numerous investigations have been carried out on the photocatalytic activity of nanostructured films and xerogels obtained through the sol–gel method. The study findings indicate that nanostructured films and xerogels derived from TiO2 possess photocatalytic properties, making them suitable for application in water purification systems.