Влияние изменения кинематики движения в метании копья на риск получения травмы

Abstract

В статье рассматриваются вопросы биомеханических параметров движения при выполнении финального усилия в метании копья. Предпринята попытка определить влияние кинетических характеристик в различных фазах и узловых элементах движения на риск травмирования суставов пояса нижних и верхних конечностей. В результате проведенной исследовательской работы, авторами были сопоставлены ключевые биомеханические аспекты движения в суставах, влияние на структуру движения ответственных за процесс перемещения скелетных мышц с характером травматизма, возникающего в процессе максимальных физических нагрузок. Оценка кинематических параметров движения была проведена на основании видеоанализа большого объёма соревновательных упражнений. The article discusses the biomechanical motion parameters when performing the final effort in javelin throwing. The influence of kinetic characteristics on the risk of injuries of the joints of the lower and upper extremities is determined. It is shown in which phases and nodal elements of movement there is a risk of injuries. The authors compared the key biomechanical aspects of movement in the joints. The influence on the structure of movement of the skeletal muscles responsible for the process and the nature of injuries was determined. Injuries that occur during maximum physical exertion. Kinematic motion parameters were estimated based on a video analysis of a large volume of competitive exercises. Kinematic motion parameters were determined by video analysis of movements. 817 competitive attempts of Belarusian javelin throwers processed by them in competitive conditions were processed. A study of the causes of injuries when performing javelin throwing. A motion model is constructed that reflects the efficiency of movements in a given phase of the final effort. The effect of changes in the kinematic motion parameters on the probability of injury by a thrower is substantiated. The kinematic characteristics of the movement were determined by the time of the movements of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee and ankle joint in the phase of the final effort. The influence of forces and moments arising in the shoulder and elbow joints of athletes is determined. Information was revealed about the relative risk of forces and moments in the joints, which can lead to injuries of body tissues. The analysis of kinematic parameters of the movement of the throwers. The causes of injuries are considered. The ways of creating training programs that improve the technique of movement and reduce muscle tension are outlined. The relationship between the kinematic and dynamic components of movement and the risk of injury is revealed. The prospect of further research involves the definition of rational training tools. The direction of injury prevention and the exclusion of overstrain of the jointligamentous apparatus are proposed.